Emphatic Language in Instagram

Emphatic Stress 1 Running Head : EMPHATIC STRESS

In a series of studies, we examined how mothers naturally stress words across multiple mentions in speech to their infants and how this marking influences infants' recognition of words in fluent speech. We first collected samples of mothers' infant-directed speech using a technique that induced multiple repetitions of target words. Acoustic analyses revealed that mothers systematically alternat...

Asymmetry in Emphatic Topicalization

Southern German of the Austro-Bavarian type is known for its disrespect of the Doubly-Filled-COMP Filter (DFCF). Wh-questions and relative clauses are generally formed by moving the wh-phrase or the relative operator to the specifier of an overt complementizer. The examples in (1) and (2) from Bayer (1984) illustrate the construction: (1) a. I woaß ned wer daß des dõa hot INDIRECT QUESTION I kn...

Emphatic Pronouns*

Emphatic Temporal-Difference Learning

Emphatic algorithms are temporal-difference learning algorithms that change their effective state distribution by selectively emphasizing and de-emphasizing their updates on different time steps. Recent works by Sutton, Mahmood and White (2015), and Yu (2015) show that by varying the emphasis in a particular way, these algorithms become stable and convergent under off-policy training with linea...

#Halal Culture on Instagram

Halal is a notion that applies to both objects and actions, and means permissible according to Islamic law. It may be most often associated with food and the rules of selecting, slaughtering, and cooking animals. In the globalized world, halal can be found in street corners of New York and beauty shops of Manila. In this study, we explore the cultural diversity of the concept, as revealed throu...